In Hawaiian religion, M?ui is a culture hero and ancient chief who appears in several different genealogies. In the Kumulipo he is the son of ?Akalana and his wife Hina-a-ke-ahi (Hina). This couple has four sons, M?ui-mua, M?ui-waena, M?ui-ki?iki?i and M?ui-a-kalana. M?ui-a-kalana's wife is named Hinakealohaila; his son is Nanamaoa. M?ui is one of the Kupua. His name is the same as that of the Hawaiian island Maui, although native tradition holds that it is not named for him directly, but instead named after the son of Hawaii's discoverer (who was named after M?ui himself).
Video M?ui (Hawaiian mythology)
Legendary exploits
Hauling up islands of Hawaii
The great fish-hook of M?ui is called Manaiakalani and it is baited with the wing of Hina's pet bird, the ?alae. M?ui is said to have created Hawaii's islands by tricking his brothers. He convinces them to take him out fishing, but catches his hook upon the ocean floor. He tells his brothers that he has caught a big fish, and tells them to paddle as hard as they can. His brothers paddle with all their might, and being intent with their effort, did not notice the island rising behind them. M?ui repeats this trick several times, creating the Hawaiian Islands (Tregear 1891:236).
Another tradition states that as M?ui plants his hook at Hamakua, to fish up the god of fishes, Pimoe, M?ui orders his brethren not to look back, or the expedition will fail. Hina, in the shape of a baling-gourd, appears at the surface of the water, and M?ui, unwittingly, grasps the gourd and places it in front of his seat. Suddenly there appears a beautiful woman whose beauty none can resist; and so the brothers look behind them to watch the beautiful water-goddess. The line parts, Hina disappears, and the effort to unite the chain of islands into one solid unit fails.
Restraining the Sun
M?ui's next feat is to stop the sun from moving so fast. His mother Hina complains that her kapa (bark cloth) is unable to dry because the days are so short. M?ui climbs to the mountain Hale-a-ka-l? (house of the sun) and lassoes the sun's rays as the sun comes up, using a rope made from his sister's hair. The sun pleads for life and agrees that the days shall be long in summer and short in winter (Pukui, Elbert, & Mookini 1974:36).
In another version, Hina sends him to a big wiliwili tree where he finds his old blind grandmother setting out bananas and steals them one by one until she recognises him and agrees to help him. He sits by the trunk of the tree to rope the sun (Beckwith 1970:230). The Island of Maui and the constellation M?ui's fishhook (known in the West as Scorpio) are named after this.
Fisherman
M?ui would go fishing in the broken coral reefs below Haleakala with his brothers. M?ui was a poor fisherman; even though he had a magical hook that could catch anything, he did not use it for ordinary tasks. M?ui's brothers would sometimes tease him for the small amount of fish that he would bring in, but M?ui would get them back by playing tricks on them.
Lifting the sky
One day, M?ui realized that men were being constrained by the sky. The sky was too low and people were not able to stand upright. M?ui felt terrible when he saw the people of Earth suffering from this and wanted to help. So M?ui searched for his father in order to help him raise the sky so that the men would not suffer from the falling sky.
M?ui traveled to the town Lahaina in order to meet his father and push the sky up. M?ui then lay parallel to the sky in order to brace himself and push the sky up with his great power. M?ui then gave the signal to his father to start pushing the sky up as well, and the strength of father and son together was able to push the sky up high enough for the people of the earth to be able to continue doing daily tasks. Some say if M?ui and his father, Ru, had not worked together, the sky would have fallen completely and made the earth uninhabitable for humans. Thus, they saved mankind.
Defeating the Long Eel
After M?ui had fished up the islands, he began to wonder what was actually on these islands. He then traveled to the different islands and realised that they were all inhabitable. There were kapa houses but with no one living inside of them. The Ahupua'a was completely deserted, with no one inhabiting it at all.
M?ui learned a lot of new lessons while visiting these new islands, so he decided to return home and live with respect to the fashion of the new houses he had seen on the islands. M?ui then pursued Hina and made her his wife, she was living in a thatched house at the time, of which she took very good care.
One day Hina went down to the river bank to fetch some water for M?ui and herself. Hina encountered the Long Eel Tuna at the bank, and Tuna struck her and covered her with slime. Hina was able to escape back to the house but did not tell M?ui what had just happened. But the next day it happened again and Hina told M?ui. M?ui then ventured to the banks to find and kill Tuna.
M?ui was very flustered and was going to punish the long eel, so then he laid out traps in order for the Eel to come out of hiding. When Tuna came out of hiding, M?ui pulled out his stone axe and killed Tuna. The Long Eel had been causing trouble to a lot of the townsfolk, but thanks to M?ui they were all safe now. Then Maui buried Tuna, causing a palm tree to grow and creating the first coconuts.
Maps M?ui (Hawaiian mythology)
Media representation
In the 2016 Disney computer-animated musical film Moana, the demigod Maui is voiced by Dwayne Johnson. Abandoned by his human parents as a baby, the gods took pity on him and made him a demigod and gave him a magic fish hook that gives him the ability to shapeshift. He went on to perform miracles to win back the love of humanity, each of which earned him an animated tattoo. He is fabled to have stolen the heart of Te Fiti, a powerful island goddess who creates life. The protagonist of the film, Moana, persuades him to help her return it. In his song "You're Welcome," composed by Lin-Manuel Miranda, Maui mentions and takes credit for several of the deeds he is credited with in folklore. This version of Maui incorporates elements of the M?ui from M?ori mythology and other Polynesian narratives.
Maui was also the subject of Israel Kamakawiwo'ole's song "Maui Hawaiian Sup'pa Man" in his most well-known album, Facing Future, which is the highest selling Hawaiian album of all time.
See also
- Maui (Mangarevan mythology)
- M?ui (M?ori mythology)
- Maui (Tahitian mythology)
- Maui (Tongan mythology)
- Ti'iti'i (Samoan mythology)
- Ghosts in Polynesian culture
- Polynesian explorers of the Pacific, historically attested travellers
- Polynesian navigation
Notes
Bibliography
- Dixon, Roland B. (1916). "Part I: Polynesia, Chapter II: The Maui Cycle". The Mythology of All Races: Volume 9, Oceanic. Boston, Massachusetts: Marshall Jones Company. pp. 41-56. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
- Westervelt, W. D. (1910). Legends of Ma-ui--A demi god of Polynesia and of his mother Hina. Honolulu, Hawaii: The Hawaiian Gazette Co., Ltd. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
References
- E.R. Tregear, Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary (Lyon and Blair: Lambton Quay, 1891).
- M. Beckwith, Hawaiian Mythology (University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu, 1970).
- M.K. Pukui, S.H. Elbert, and E.T. Mookini, Place Names of Hawaii (University of Hawaii Press: Honolulu, 1974).
External links
- Hawaiian legends of Maui
- Oceanic Mythology Roland B. Dixon, 1916, chapter on the M?ui cycle
Source of article : Wikipedia
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